The experiments at home, which we will now talk about, are very simple, but extremely entertaining. If your child is just getting acquainted with the nature of various phenomena and processes, such experiences will look like real magic for him. But it's not a secret for anyone that it is best to present complex information to children in a playful way - this will help to consolidate the material and leave vivid memories that will be useful in further learning.
Explosion in still water
Discussing possible experiments at home, first of all we will talk about how to make such a mini-explosion. You will need a large vessel filled with ordinary tap water (for example, it can be a three-liter bottle). It is desirable that the liquid settle in a quiet place for 1-3 days. After that, carefully, without touching the vessel itself, drop a few drops of ink into the very middle of the water from a height. They will sprawl beautifully in the water, as if in slow motion.
Balloon that inflates itself
This is another interesting experience that can be carried out by exercising at home. In the ball itself, you need to pour a teaspoon of ordinary baking soda. Next, you need to take an empty plastic bottle and pour 4 tablespoons of vinegar into it. The ball must be pulled over its neck. As a result, the soda will pour into the vinegar, a reaction will occur with the release of carbon dioxide, and the balloon will inflate.
Volcano
With the same baking soda and vinegar, you can make a real volcano in your house! You can even use a plastic cup as a base. 2 tablespoons of soda are poured into the “vent”, pour it with a quarter cup of heated water and add a little dark food coloring. Then it remains only to add a quarter cup of vinegar and watch the "eruption".
"Colored" magic
Experiments at home, which you can demonstrate to your child, also include unusual color changes with various substances. A striking example of this is the reaction that occurs when iodine and starch are combined. By mixing brown iodine and pure white starch, you get a liquid ... a bright blue hue!
fireworks
What other experiments can be done at home? Chemistry provides a huge field for activity in this regard. For example, you can make bright fireworks right in the room (but better in the yard). A little potassium permanganate must be crushed into a fine powder, and then take a similar amount charcoal and crush it too. After thoroughly mixing coal with manganese, add iron powder there. This mixture is poured into a metal cap (an ordinary thimble is also suitable) and kept in the flame of the burner. As soon as the composition heats up, a whole rain of beautiful sparks will begin to crumble around.
soda rocket
And, finally, let's say again about chemical experiments at home, where the simplest and most accessible reagents are involved - vinegar and sodium bicarbonate. In this case, you will need to take a plastic film cassette, fill it with baking soda, and then quickly pour in 2 teaspoons of vinegar. The next step is to put the lid on the makeshift rocket, put it upside down on the ground, stand back and watch it take off.
Scientific discoveries have given humanity a lot original ideas. On rainy days or when you're bored, some of them are a great way to have some fun. We offer 10 cool experiments for review. They can be carried out at home even by children, but preferably under adult supervision. These experiments use elementary ingredients that are always in the kitchen. Simple but interesting tricks are based on the principles of chemistry, physics and biology. Well, let's get started!
What you need: a raw egg, two bowls (or plates), empty bottle from water.
The progress of the experiment. Squeeze the bottle to release some of the air. Then bring its neck close to the egg on the plate, almost close. Opening the plastic container, you will see how the yolk is sucked into the bottle - together with air, it hurries to occupy the empty volume.
Why is this happening? After compression, part of the air was "squeezed out", which means that the pressure outside became greater. Thus, the air literally “pushes” the yolk into the bottle.
Experiment: Create Non-Newtonian Matter
What will be needed? Water, cornstarch, deep mixing bowl, food coloring. Put on old clothes so as not to get dirty and cover the table with oilcloth.
The progress of the experiment. Pour a glass of water into a deep bowl, then pour a glass into the same cornstarch and mix everything well. Food coloring can be added if desired. Now slowly dip your hand into the mixture. As you can see, this is very easy to do. Do the same, but with effort - as a result, the substance will "repel" the hand.
Why is this happening? Oobleck is a non-Newtonian substance. Sometimes (for example, when it is poured), it manifests itself as a liquid. But! When you put pressure on the mixture, it behaves like a solid body, and on impact it can even act repulsively.
Soda and vinegar - instead of a pump!
What we need: regular vinegar, narrow-necked bottles, balloons, baking soda.
The progress of the experiment. A mini-geyser is made according to a similar principle, but we slightly modify the well-known experiment. Pour into bottles of 50-100 grams of vinegar. Having made a roll out of paper, we lay one end of it in a balloon that needs to be inflated. Inside the other end of a kind of tube, we fall asleep 2-3 tablespoons of soda. Now you need to carefully put the balls on the necks of the bottles. Be careful not to spill the soda out of these rubber containers prematurely. The preparations are over, you can proceed to the most interesting. Pour the contents of the balls into the bottle and enjoy watching.
Why is this happening? Molecules of soda and vinegar instantly combine, and a powerful reaction occurs. As a result, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is produced, which inflates the balloon so much that it can even explode it.
Coloring flowers by capillary method
What You'll Need: Fresh white flowers (daisies and carnations work great, you can even use celery for lack of flowers) glass jar, food coloring, scissors. We also advise you to be patient, because you will see the full result of the experiment only after 24 hours. But after a while, you can watch how an amazing reincarnation takes place.
The progress of the experiment. Pour water inside the jar, add a dye of any color there. We lower the flowers into this liquid, and observe how the delicate white petals gradually turn into a different color.
Why is this happening? Water evaporates from the petals of the flower, so the stem absorbs the colored liquid from the jar. Gradually, the colored liquid reaches its petals.
Determining the amount of sugar in soda
What will be needed? Unopened cans of diet and sugary drinks, a large container of water (a bath will also work for this experience).
The progress of the experiment. Submerge soda cans in water. Not all of them will sink to the bottom. The ones left floating below the surface contain a lot of sugar. "Heavy" drinks can safely drink fans of diets.
What is the reason for this discrepancy? The density of regular and diet carbonated drinks is different, its value is affected by the sugar content. As a result, some jars flounder in the water, while diet drinks boldly go to the bottom.
magic pouch
What you'll need: Zipper bag, a pair of sharpened pencils, a glass of water. We recommend doing the experiment on the sink or bathtub, as the temptation to pull out the pencils after the experiment will be great!
The progress of the experiment. Fill the bag with water and seal. Then we quickly pierce it through with several pencils, in turn. As you can see, the holes did not even give a gap - the bag remained completely sealed.
Why is this happening? The tight bag with a fastener consists of flexible polymers. When punctured, the plastic surface is hermetically sealed around the pencil, so it does not leak.
Cleaning copper coins at home
What will we need? Darkened coins, 1/4 cup white vinegar, one teaspoon of salt, a glass of water, two bowls (non-metallic), paper towels. We recommend wearing goggles to protect your eyes.
The progress of the experiment. Pour water, vinegar and salt into a bowl. We put coins in the prepared solution. After a while, we evaluate the degree of their purification.
How it works? Acetic acid reacts with salt, which helps to clean copper pennies from copper oxide. Rinse the coins with water after the experiment, otherwise they will turn greenish. After clearing a dozen copper coins, do another interesting experience. Put a metal coin into the old solution. You will see the steel color change to yellowish. This happened because the metal attracted copper oxide molecules to itself.
flying ghosts
What will we need? An inflated balloon, ghosts cut out of tissue paper, and something to generate static electricity (your clothes or hair will do for this purpose!).
The progress of the experiment. We glue the paper figures at one end to the table with adhesive tape. Then we strongly rub the balloon on clothes or hair, and bring it closer to the lying silhouettes. Oh no! The ghosts have woken up and are trying to fly!
How it works? Rubbing a rubber ball against fabric or hair creates a negative charge on the surface, which attracts paper ghosts to itself.
The Dancing Raisin Experience
What we need: raisins, a bottle of mineral water, a transparent glass for drinking
The progress of the experiment. This experience is extremely simple. Pouring into a glass mineral water. We also add a handful of raisins there, and watch how it “dances” in a glass container.
Why is this happening? Tiny bubbles of carbon dioxide (CO 2) cling to the uneven surface of the raisins. As a result, they become lighter and rise to the surface, where the bubbles burst. Then the raisins become heavy and fall back down, where they are again overtaken by CO 2 bubbles.
color milk painting
What will we need? Two plastic dishes, milk, food coloring, cotton swabs, liquid soap. Since we will be dealing with dyes, it is advisable to cover the clothes with an apron.
The progress of the experiment. Pour some milk into the bowl - just to cover the bottom. Then we drip a colored dye on its surface. Having dipped a cotton swab in liquid soap, we touch the epicenter of color blotches on the milky surface. Now we begin to draw surreal stains.
Why is this happening? Food coloring is not as dense as milk, so the droplets stick to the surface at first. But adding soap to the tip of a Q-tip breaks the surface tension of the milk by dissolving the fat molecules. The paint molecules move smoothly over the milky surface, starting from the soap layer.
Do these interesting experiments at home, with your children or in a friendly company. You yourself will not notice how quickly time will fly by for this useful entertainment, and the inquisitive minds of young know-it-alls will board all new scientific peaks.
If you're wondering how to celebrate a child's birthday, you might like the idea of putting on a children's science show. In recent years, scientific holidays have become increasingly popular. Almost all children like entertaining experiments and experiments. For them, this is something magical and incomprehensible, which means interesting. The cost of hosting a science show is quite high. But this is no reason to deny yourself the pleasure of watching the astonished children's faces. After all, you can manage on your own, do not resort to the help of animators and holiday agencies.
In this article, I made a selection of simple chemical and physical experiments and experiments that can be done at home without any problems. Everything you need to carry them out is probably in your kitchen or first aid kit. You don't need any special skills either. All you need is a desire and a good mood.
I tried to collect simple but spectacular experiences that will be of interest to children. different ages. For each experiment, I prepared a scientific explanation (not for nothing that I studied to be a chemist!). To explain to the children the essence of what is happening or not is up to you. It all depends on their age and level of training. If the children are small, you can skip the explanation and go straight to the spectacular experience, saying only that they will be able to learn the secrets of such "miracles" when they grow up, go to school and begin to study chemistry and physics. Perhaps this will arouse their interest in studying in the future.
Although I chose the safest experiments, they still need to be taken very seriously. All manipulations are best performed with gloves and a bathrobe, at a safe distance from children. After all, the same vinegar and potassium permanganate can cause trouble.
And, of course, when conducting a children's science show, you need to take care of the image of a mad scientist. Your artistry and charisma will largely determine the success of the event. Turning from an ordinary person into a funny scientific genius is not at all difficult - all you need to do is ruffle your hair, put on big glasses and a white coat, smear yourself with soot and make an expression corresponding to your new status. This is what a typical mad scientist looks like.
Before you arrange a science show at a children's holiday (by the way, it can be not only a birthday, but also any other holiday), you should do all the experiments in the absence of children. Rehearse that there were no unpleasant surprises later. Few things can go wrong.
Children's experiments can be carried out without a festive occasion - just so that it is interesting and useful to spend time with a child.
Choose the experiences you like the most and write a script for the holiday. In order not to heavily burden children with science, albeit entertaining, dilute the event with fun games.
Part 1. Chemical show
Attention! When conducting chemical experiments, you should be extremely careful.
foam fountain
Almost all children love foam - the more the better. Even kids know how to make it: for this you need to pour shampoo into water and shake it well. But can the foam form by itself without shaking and be also colored?
Ask the children what they think foam is. What is it made of and how can it be obtained. Let them express their guesses.
Then explain that foam is bubbles filled with gas. This means that for its formation, some substance is needed, of which the walls of the bubbles will consist, and a gas that will fill them. For example, soap and air. When soap is added to water and stirred, air enters these bubbles from environment. But gas can be obtained in another way - in the process of a chemical reaction.
Option 1
- hydroperite tablets;
- potassium permanganate;
- liquid soap;
- water;
- a glass vessel with a narrow neck (preferably beautiful);
- cup;
- a hammer;
- tray.
Statement of experience
- Using a hammer, crush the hydroperite tablets into powder and pour it into a flask.
- Place the flask on the tray.
- Add liquid soap and water.
- Prepare an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate in a glass and pour it into a flask with hydroperide.
After the solutions of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) and hydroperide (hydrogen peroxide) merge, a reaction will begin to occur between them, accompanied by the release of oxygen.
4KMnO 4 + 4H 2 O 2 = 4MnO 2 ¯ + 5O 2 + 2H 2 O + 4KOH
Under the action of oxygen, the soap present in the flask will begin to foam and lick out of the flask, forming a kind of fountain. Due to potassium permanganate, part of the foam will turn pink.
You can see how this happens in the video.
Important: the glass vessel must have a narrow neck. Do not take the resulting foam in your hands and do not give it to children.
Option 2
Another gas, such as carbon dioxide, is also suitable for the formation of foam. You can paint the foam in any color you wish.
For the experiment you will need:
- plastic bottle;
- soda;
- vinegar;
- food coloring;
- liquid soap.
Statement of experience
- Pour into a bottle of vinegar.
- Add liquid soap and food coloring.
- Pour in soda.
Result and scientific explanation
When soda and vinegar interact, a violent chemical reaction occurs, accompanied by the release of carbon dioxide CO 2.
Under its action, the soap will begin to foam and lick out of the bottle. The dye will color the foam in the color you choose.
Merry ball
What's a birthday without balloons? Show the children the balloon and ask how to inflate it. The guys, of course, will answer that by mouth. Explain that the balloon is inflated by the carbon dioxide we exhale. But you can inflate the balloon with them in another way.
For the experiment you will need:
- soda;
- vinegar;
- bottle;
- balloon.
Statement of experience
- Pour a teaspoon of baking soda into the balloon.
- Pour into a bottle of vinegar.
- Put the ball on the neck of the bottle and pour the soda into the bottle.
Result and scientific explanation
As soon as baking soda and vinegar come into contact, a violent chemical reaction will begin, accompanied by the release of carbon dioxide CO 2 . The balloon will begin to inflate before your eyes.
CH 3 -COOH + Na + - → CH 3 -COO - Na + + H 2 O + CO 2
If you take a smiley balloon, it will impress the guys even more. At the end of the experiment, tie a balloon and give it to the birthday person.
See the video for a demonstration of the experience.
Chameleon
Can liquids change their color? If yes, why and how? Before setting up an experiment, be sure to ask the children these questions. Let them think. They will remember how water is colored when you rinse a brush with paint in it. Is it possible to decolorize the solution?
For the experiment you will need:
- starch;
- alcohol burner;
- test tube;
- cup;
- water.
Statement of experience
- Pour a pinch of starch into a test tube and add water.
- Drop some iodine. The solution will turn blue.
- Light the burner.
- Heat the test tube until the solution becomes colorless.
- Pour into a glass of cold water and immerse the test tube into it so that the solution cools down and turns blue again.
Result and scientific explanation
When interacting with iodine, the starch solution turns blue, since a dark blue compound I 2 * (C 6 H 10 O 5) n is formed. However, this substance is unstable and, when heated, again decomposes into iodine and starch. When cooled, the reaction goes in the opposite direction and we again see how the solution turns blue. This reaction demonstrates the reversibility of chemical processes and their dependence on temperature.
I 2 + (C 6 H 10 O 5) n => I 2 * (C 6 H 10 O 5) n
(iodine - yellow) (starch - clear) (dark blue)
rubber egg
All children know that the eggshell is very fragile and can break from the slightest blow. It would be nice if the eggs didn't beat! Then you wouldn't have to worry about bringing the eggs home when your mom sends you to the store.
For the experiment you will need:
- vinegar;
- raw egg;
- cup.
Statement of experience
- To surprise the kids, you need to prepare for this experience in advance. 3 days before the holiday, pour vinegar into a glass and place a raw chicken egg in it. Leave for three days so that the shell has time to completely dissolve.
- Show the children a glass with an egg and invite everyone to say a magic spell together: “Tryn-dyryn, boom-brown! Egg, become rubber!
- Take out the egg with a spoon, wipe it with a napkin and demonstrate how it can now be deformed.
Result and scientific explanation
Eggshells are made up of calcium carbonate, which dissolves when reacted with vinegar.
CaCO 3 + 2 CH 3 COOH \u003d Ca (CH 3 COO) 2 + H 2 O + CO 2
Due to the presence of a film between the shell and the contents of the egg, it retains its shape. What an egg looks like after vinegar, look at the video.
Secret letter
Children love everything mysterious, and therefore this experiment will surely seem like real magic to them.
Take an ordinary ballpoint pen and write on a piece of paper a secret message from aliens or draw some kind of secret sign that no one but the guys present can know about.
When the children read what is written there, say that it is a big secret and the inscription must be destroyed. Moreover, magical water will help you erase the inscription. If you treat the inscription with a solution of potassium permanganate and vinegar, then with hydrogen peroxide, the ink will be washed off.
For the experiment you will need:
- potassium permanganate;
- vinegar;
- hydrogen peroxide;
- flask;
- cotton buds;
- ball pen;
- paper;
- water;
- paper towels or napkins;
- iron.
Statement of experience
- Draw a picture or an inscription on a sheet of paper with a ballpoint pen.
- Pour a little potassium permanganate into a test tube and add vinegar.
- Soak a cotton swab in this solution and swipe over the inscription.
- Take another cotton swab, moisten it with water and wash off the resulting stains.
- Blot with a tissue.
- Apply hydrogen peroxide to the inscription and blot again with a napkin.
- Iron with an iron or put under a press.
Result and scientific explanation
After all the manipulations, you will get a blank sheet of paper, which will surprise the children very much.
Potassium permanganate is a very strong oxidizing agent, especially if the reaction occurs in an acidic environment:
MnO 4 ˉ+ 8 H + + 5 eˉ = Mn 2+ + 4 H 2 O
A strong acidified solution of potassium permanganate literally burns many organic compounds, turning them into carbon dioxide and water. Acetic acid is used to create an acidic environment in our experiment.
The product of the reduction of potassium permanganate is manganese dioxide Mn0 2, which has a brown color and precipitates. To remove it, we use hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2 , which reduces the insoluble compound Mn0 2 to a highly soluble manganese (II) salt.
MnO 2 + H 2 O 2 + 2 H + = O 2 + Mn 2+ + 2 H 2 O.
I propose to see how the ink disappears on the video.
The power of thought
Before setting up the experiment, ask the children how to put out the candle flame. They, of course, will answer you that you need to blow out the candle. Ask if they believe you can put out a fire with an empty glass by casting a magic spell?
For the experiment you will need:
- vinegar;
- soda;
- glasses;
- candles;
- matches.
Statement of experience
- Pour soda into a glass and pour vinegar over it.
- Light some candles.
- Bring a glass of soda and vinegar to another glass, tilting it slightly so that the carbon dioxide produced during the chemical reaction flows into the empty glass.
- Carry a glass of gas over the candles, as if pouring them over the flame. At the same time, make a mysterious expression on your face and say some incomprehensible spell, for example: “Chicken-burs, mur-plee! Flame, don't burn anymore!" Children must think it's magic. You will reveal the secret after the enthusiasm.
Result and scientific explanation
When baking soda and vinegar interact, carbon dioxide is released, which, unlike oxygen, does not support combustion:
CH 3 -COOH + Na + - → CH 3 -COO - Na + + H 2 O + CO 2
CO 2 is heavier than air, and therefore does not fly up, but settles down. Thanks to this property, we are able to collect it in an empty glass, and then “pour it” onto candles, thereby extinguishing their flame.
How it happens, look at the video.
Part 2. Entertaining physical experiments
strong jean
This experiment will allow children to look at the usual action for them from the other side. Place an empty wine bottle in front of the children (it is better to remove the label first) and push the cork into it. And then turn the bottle upside down and try to pop the cork out. Of course, you won't succeed. Ask the children if there is any way to get the cork out without breaking the bottle? Let them say what they think about it.
Since the cork cannot be picked up through the neck, it means that one thing remains - to try to push it out from the inside out. How to do it? You can call the genie for help!
The genie in this experiment will be a large plastic bag. To heighten the effect, the package can be painted with colored markers - draw eyes, nose, mouth, pens, some patterns.
So, for the experiment you will need:
- empty wine bottle;
- cork;
- plastic bag.
Statement of experience
- Twist the bag with a tube and put it into the bottle so that the handles are outside.
- Turning the bottle over, ensure that the cork is on the side of the package closer to the neck.
- Inflate the package.
- Gently begin to pull the bag out of the bottle. A cork will come out with it.
Result and scientific explanation
As the bag inflates, it expands inside the bottle, expelling air from the bottle. When we begin to pull out the bag, a vacuum is created inside the bottle, due to which the walls of the bag wrap around the cork and drag it out with them. This is such a strong gin!
To see how this happens, watch the video.
Wrong glass
On the eve of the experiment, ask the children what happens if you turn a glass of water upside down. They will answer that the water will pour out. Say that this happens only with the "correct" glasses. And you have a “wrong” glass from which water does not pour out.
For the experiment you will need:
- glasses with water;
- paints (you can do without them, but this way the experience looks more spectacular; it is better to use acrylic paints - they give more saturated colors);
- paper.
Statement of experience
- Pour into glasses of water.
- Add color to it.
- Moisten the rims of the glasses with water and place a sheet of paper over them.
- Press the paper firmly against the glass, holding it with your hand, turn the glasses upside down.
- Wait for a while until the paper sticks to the glass.
- Remove your hand quickly.
Result and scientific explanation
Surely all children know that we are surrounded by air. Although we do not see him, he, like everything around him, has weight. We feel the touch of air, for example, when the wind blows on us. There is a lot of air, and therefore it presses on the earth and everything that is around. This is called atmospheric pressure.
When we apply paper to a wet glass, it sticks to its walls due to surface tension.
In an inverted glass, between its bottom (now at the top) and the surface of the water, a space is formed filled with air and water vapor. The force of gravity acts on the water, which pulls it down. This increases the space between the bottom of the glass and the surface of the water. At constant temperature, the pressure in it decreases and becomes less than atmospheric. The total pressure of air and water on the paper from the inside is slightly less than the air pressure from the outside. Therefore, water does not pour out of the glass. However, after a while, the glass will lose its magical properties, and the water will still pour out. This is due to the evaporation of water, which increases the pressure inside the glass. When it becomes more than atmospheric, the paper will fall off and the water will pour out. But you can't bring it up to this point. So it will be more interesting.
You can watch the progress of the experiment on the video.
Gluttonous bottle
Ask the children if they like to eat. Do they like to eat glass bottles? Not? Bottles are not eaten? And here they are wrong. They don’t eat ordinary bottles, but magic bottles are not even averse to having a bite.
For the experiment you will need:
- boiled chicken egg;
- a bottle (to heighten the effect, the bottle can be painted or somehow embellished, but so that the children can see what is happening inside it);
- matches;
- paper.
Statement of experience
- Peel off the shell boiled egg. Who eats eggs in shell?
- Set fire to a piece of paper.
- Throw the burning paper into the bottle.
- Put the egg on the neck of the bottle.
Result and scientific explanation
When we throw burning paper into the bottle, the air in it heats up and expands. By closing the neck with an egg, we prevent the flow of air, as a result of which the fire goes out. The air in the bottle cools and contracts. A pressure difference is created inside the bottle and outside, due to which the egg is sucked into the bottle.
For now, that's all. However, over time, I plan to add a few more experiments to the article. At home, you can, for example, experiment with balloons. Therefore, if you are interested in this topic, add the site to your bookmarks or subscribe to the newsletter. When I add something new, I will inform you about it by e-mail. It took me a lot of time to prepare this article, so please respect my work and when copying materials, be sure to put an active hyperlink to this page.
If you have ever done home experiments for children and put on a science show, write about your impressions in the comments, attach a photo. It will be interesting!
Reading 12 min.
Parents of little fidgets can surprise them with experiments that can be done at home. Light, but at the same time surprising and delightful, they are able not only to diversify the child's leisure time, but also allow you to look at familiar things with completely different eyes. And discover their properties, functions, purpose.
Young naturalists
Experiments at home, great for children under 10 years old - The best way help the child gain practical experience that will be useful to him in the future.
Safety precautions during experiments
In order for the conduct of cognitive experiments not to be overshadowed by troubles and injuries, it is enough to remember a few simple but important rules.
Safety comes first - Before you start working with chemicals, the work surface must be protected by covering it with film or paper. This will save parents from unnecessary cleaning and will save appearance and functionality of furniture.
- In the process of work, you do not need to get too close to the reagents, bending over them. Especially if the plans include chemical experiments for young children, in which unsafe substances are involved. The measure will protect the mucous membranes of the mouth and eyes from irritation and burns.
- If possible, use protective equipment: gloves, goggles. They should fit the child in size and not interfere with him during the experiment.
Simple experiments for the little ones
Developmental experiences and experiments for the youngest children (or for children under 10 years old) are usually simple and do not require any special skills from parents or rare or expensive equipment. But the joy of discovery and a miracle, which is so easy to do with your own hands, will remain with him for a long time.
For example, children will be indescribably delighted with the real seven-color rainbow, which they can call up themselves with the help of an ordinary mirror, a container of water and a sheet of white paper.
Rainbow in a bottle experience To begin with, a mirror is placed at the bottom of a small basin or bath. Then, it is filled with water; and the light of the lantern is directed to the mirror. After the light is reflected and passed through the water, it decomposes into its constituent colors, becoming the same rainbow that can be seen on a sheet of white paper.
Another very simple and beautiful experiment can be done with ordinary water, wire and salt.
To start the experiment, you need to prepare a supersaturated salt solution. Calculating the required concentration of a substance is quite simple: with the required amount of salt in water, it ceases to dissolve when the next portion is added. It is very good to use warm distilled water for this purpose. In order for the experiment to be more successful, the finished solution can also be poured into another container - this will remove dirt and make it cleaner.
Experience “Salt on a wire” When everything is ready, a small piece of copper wire with a loop at the end is lowered into the solution. The container itself is removed to a warm place and left there for a certain time. As the solution begins to cool, the solubility of the salt will decrease and it will begin to settle on the wire in the form of beautiful crystals. It will be possible to notice the first results in a few days. By the way, not only ordinary, straight wire can be used in the experiment: by twisting fancy figures out of it, you can grow crystals of various sizes and shapes. By the way, this experiment will give the child a great idea. New Year's toys in the form of real ice snowflakes - just find a flexible wire and form a beautiful symmetrical snowfield out of it.
Invisible ink can also make an indelible impression on the child. Preparing them is very simple: just take a cup of water, matches, cotton wool, half a lemon. And a sheet on which you can write the text.
Invisible ink can be bought ready-made Start by mixing equal amounts of lemon juice and water in a bowl. Then, a little cotton wool is wound around a toothpick or a thin match. The resulting "pencil" is dipped into the mixture in the resulting liquid; then they can write any text on a piece of paper.
Although at first the words on paper will be completely invisible, it will be very easy to manifest them. To do this, a sheet with already dried ink must be brought to the lamp. The written words will immediately appear on a heated sheet of paper.
What kid doesn't love balloons?
It turns out that even inflating an ordinary balloon can be very original way. To do this, dissolve one tablespoon of baking soda in a bottle of water. And in another cup, the juice of one lemon and three tablespoons of vinegar are mixed. After, the contents of the cup are introduced into the bottle (for convenience, you can use a small funnel). The ball must be put on the neck of the bottle as quickly as possible until the chemical reaction is over. During this time, carbon dioxide will be able to quickly inflate the balloon under pressure. In order for the ball not to jump off the neck of the bottle, it can be fixed with tape or tape.
Experience "Inflate the balloon" Colored milk looks very interesting and unusual, the colors of which will move, fancifully mixing with each other. For this experiment, you need to pour some whole milk into a plate and add a few drops of food coloring to it. Separate areas of the liquid will turn into different colors, but the spots will remain motionless. How to set them in motion? Very simple. It is enough to take a small cotton swab and, having previously dipped it in detergent, bring it to the surface of colored milk. By reacting with the milk fat molecules, the detergent molecules will make it move.
Experience “Drawings on milk” Important! not suitable for this experiment. skimmed milk. You can only use whole!
Surely all children have seen at home and on the street for funny air bubbles in a mineral or sweet water. But are they strong enough to lift a grain of corn or raisins to the surface? It turns out yes! To check this, just pour any sparkling water into the bottle, and then throw some corn or raisins into it. The child will see for himself how easy under the action of air bubbles both corn and raisins will begin to rise up, and then - having reached the surface of the liquid - fall down again.
Experiments for older children
Older children (from 10 years old) can be offered more complex chemical experiments that require more components. These experiments for older children are a little more difficult, but children can already take part in them.
To comply with safety regulations, children under 10 years of age should conduct experiments under the strict supervision of adults, mainly in the role of a spectator. Children over 10 years of age can take a more active part in the experiments.
An example of such an experiment would be the creation of a lava lamp. Surely many children dream of such a miracle. But, it is much more pleasant to make it with your own hands, using simple components for this, which are sure to be found in every home.
Experience “Lava Lamp” The basis of the lava lamp will be a small jar or the most ordinary glass. In addition, for experience you will need vegetable oil, water, salt and some food coloring.
The jar, or other container used as the base of the lamp, is filled with two-thirds of water and one-third with oil. Since oil is much lighter than water by weight, it will remain on its surface without mixing with it. Then, a little food coloring is added to the jar - this will give the lava lamp color and make the experiment more beautiful and spectacular. And after that, a teaspoon of salt is placed in the resulting mixture. For what? Salt causes the oil to sink to the bottom in the form of bubbles, and then, dissolving, pushes them up.
The following chemistry experiment will help make a school subject like geography fun and interesting.
Making a volcano with your own hands After all, studying volcanoes is much more interesting when there is not just a dry book text nearby, but a whole model! Especially if you can easily make it at home with your own hands, using the available tools at hand: sand, food coloring, soda, vinegar and a bottle are perfect.
To begin with, a bottle is placed on the tray - it will become the basis of the future volcano. Around it you need to mold a small cone of sand, clay or plasticine - so the mountain will take on a more complete and believable look. Now you need to cause a volcanic eruption: a little warm water is poured into the bottle, then a little soda and food coloring (red or orange). The final touch will be a quarter cup of vinegar. Having reacted with soda, the vinegar will begin to actively push the contents of the bottle out. This explains the interesting effect of the eruption, which can be observed with the child.
Volcano can be made from toothpaste Can paper burn without burning?
It turns out yes. And the experiment with fireproof money will easily prove it. To do this, a ten-ruble banknote is immersed in a 50% alcohol solution (water is mixed with alcohol in a ratio of 1 to 1, a pinch of salt is added to it). After the bill is properly soaked, excess liquid is removed from it, and the bill itself is set on fire. Having flared up, it will begin to burn, but it will not burn out at all. The explanation for this experience is quite simple. The temperature at which alcohol burns is not high enough to evaporate water. Thanks to this, even after the substance burns out completely, the money will remain slightly wet, but absolutely intact.
Ice experiments are always a success Young nature lovers can be encouraged to germinate seeds at home without using the soil. How it's done?
A little cotton wool is placed in the eggshell; it is actively wetted with water, and then some seeds (for example, alfalfa) are placed in it. In just a few days, the first sprouts will be visible. Thus, soil is not always needed for seed germination - only water is enough.
And the next experiment, which is easy to do at home for children, will surely appeal to girls. After all, who doesn't love flowers?
A painted flower can be given to mom Especially the most unusual, bright colors! Thanks to simple experience right in front of the astonished children, simple and familiar flowers can turn into the most unexpected color. Moreover, it is extremely simple to do this: just put the cut flower in water with food coloring added to it. Climbing the stem to the petals, chemical dyes will color them in the colors you need. To better absorb water, it is better to cut diagonally - so it will have the maximum area. In order for the color to appear brighter, it is advisable to use light, or white flowers. An even more interesting and fantastic effect will be obtained if, before the start of the experiment, the stem is split into several parts and each of them is immersed in its own glass of colored water.
Petals will be painted in all colors at once in the most unexpected and bizarre way. What will undoubtedly make an indelible impression on the child!
Experience “Colored foam” Everyone knows that under the influence of gravity, water can only flow down. But, is it possible to make it rise up the napkin? To conduct this experiment, an ordinary glass is filled with water by about a third. The napkin is folded several times so that a narrow rectangle is obtained. After that, the napkin unfolds again; stepping back a little from the bottom edge on it, you need to draw a line of colored dots of a sufficiently large diameter. The napkin is immersed in water so that about one and a half centimeters of its colored part is in it. Having come into contact with a napkin, the water will gradually rise up, staining it with multi-colored stripes. This unusual effect is due to the fact that, having a porous structure, the fibers of the napkin easily pass water up. 
Gelatin water does not mix
Gelatin dissolves in a quarter cup of water; it should swell and increase in volume. Then, the substance is dissolved in a water bath and brought to about 50 degrees. the resulting liquid must be distributed in a thin layer over a plastic bag. With the help of cookie cutters, figures of various shapes are cut out of gelatin. After that, they need to be laid on a blotter or napkin, and then breathe on them. The warm breath will cause the gelatin to expand in volume, causing the figures to begin to curve on one side.
Experiments carried out at home with children are very easy to diversify.
Gelatin figures from molds In winter, you can try to slightly modify the experiment by taking the gelatin figurines to the balcony or leaving them in freezer. When the gelatin hardens under the influence of cold, patterns of ice crystals will clearly appear on it.
Conclusion
Description of other experiences Delight and a sea of positive emotions - that's what experimenting for curious children will give, carried out together with adults. And parents will allow themselves to share the joy of the first discoveries with young researchers. After all, no matter how old a person is, the opportunity to return to childhood at least for a short time is truly priceless.
Who didn't believe in miracles as a child? To have fun and informative time with your child, you can try to carry out entertaining experiments. They are safe, interesting and educational. These experiments will answer many children's "why" and arouse interest in science and knowledge of the world. And today I want to tell you what experiments for children at home can be organized by parents.
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Entertaining experiences for children.
I bring to your attention a very useful option pastime with children 4-6 years old, namely to spend some very simple, but at the same time exciting and cognitive experiences with the participation of the child.
1. On a clean white sheet of paper, make a note with milk using a brush. Dry the paper, iron with a hot iron. The writing will take on a yellowish-brownish color and will be easy to read. A real spy game!
2. Fill the bottle a third with water, add a spoonful of soda and three tablespoons of vinegar (three spoons at the same time, not in turn!), QUICKLY put a balloon on the neck of the bottle and then either hold it tightly with your hands or wrap it with electrical tape. The carbon dioxide released will inflate the balloon. The expression in the child's eyes will express his delight!
3. Pour ordinary tap water into a glass, lower a raw egg, it will sink. Add a lot of salt to the same water, stir and lower the egg again, the egg will float, because. the density of the water has increased. The child will understand why it is easier to swim in salt water than in fresh water.
4. Write / draw something on a piece of paper and put the sheet in an envelope (but the sheet should not be folded), the record will not be visible through the envelope. Now take another sheet of paper and twist it into a tube (it will be our spyglass), try to read what is written, looking at the envelope through the tube, attaching it tightly to the envelope. The room should be well lit. The tube restricts ambient light and enhances illumination of the envelope from the back.
5. Pour water into a glass and dip a piece of ice into it, the ice will float on the surface. Pour vegetable oil on top, the ice will not be able to rise, it will be between water and oil, because. It has a lower density than water but more than oil.
6. Add 1 tbsp to the first glass. a spoonful of sugar, in the second glass 2 tablespoons of sugar, in the third - 3, in the fourth - 4.
Put them in order, and remember how much sugar is in which glass. Now add 3 tbsp to each glass. spoons of water. Stir. Add a few drops of red paint to the first glass, a few drops of yellow to the second, green to the third, and blue to the fourth. Stir again.
In the first 2 glasses, the sugar will dissolve completely, and in the second two, not completely.
Now take a syringe or just a tablespoon to carefully pour the colored water into the glass.
Add colored water from the syringe to a clean glass. The first bottom layer will be blue, then green, yellow and red. If you pour a new portion of colored water over the previous one very carefully, then the water will not mix, but will separate into layers due to the different sugar content in the water, that is, due to the different density of the water.
What is the secret? The concentration of sugar in each colored liquid was different. The more sugar, the higher the density of the water and the lower this layer will be in the glass. The red liquid with the lowest sugar content, and, accordingly, with the lowest density, will be at the very top.
7.Magic glass.
Pour water into a glass, be sure to the very edge. Cover with a sheet of thick paper and gently holding it, very quickly turn the glass upside down. Just in case, do all this over the basin or in the bath. Now remove your palm ... Focus! The water is still in the glass!
How so?
It's a matter of air pressure. The air pressure on the paper from the outside is greater than the water pressure on it from the inside of the glass and, accordingly, does not allow the paper to release water from the container.
The experience of Rene Descartes or the pipette diver
8. This entertaining experience is about three hundred years old. It is attributed to the French scientist René Descartes.
You will need a plastic bottle with a cork, a pipette and water. Fill the bottle with water, leaving two to three millimeters to the edge of the neck. Take a pipette, draw some water into it and lower it into the neck of the bottle. It should be at or slightly above the level of the water in the bottle with its upper rubber end. In this case, it is necessary to achieve that, from a slight push with a finger, the pipette sinks, and then slowly rises up by itself. Now close the cork and squeeze the sides of the bottle. The pipette will go to the bottom of the bottle. Release the pressure on the bottle and it will pop up again.
The fact is that we slightly compressed the air in the neck of the bottle and this pressure was transferred to the water. Water penetrated into the pipette - it became heavier (since water is heavier than air) and drowned. When the pressure was released, the compressed air inside the pipette removed the excess water, our "diver" became lighter and floated. If at the beginning of the experiment the “diver” does not obey you, then you need to adjust the amount of water in the pipette. When the pipette is at the bottom of the bottle, it is easy to see how water enters the pipette from increased pressure on the walls of the bottle, and exits from it when the pressure is released.
9. Sea effect.
We all know that it is easier to stay on the surface in sea water than in fresh water. Let's try to create a kind of micro-sea at home and figure out what the secret is.
Prepare a saturated solution of table salt: it is necessary to dissolve the salt in a glass until it stops dissolving. Take a piece of wax about the size of a hazelnut, make a ball out of it, putting a piece of wire into it for weighting. Your task is to make the ball sink smoothly in a glass of plain water. If the ball sinks without load, then it should not be loaded. Happened? Now gradually add a saturated solution of table salt to the water and mix lightly. The ball will first rise to the middle of the glass, and then completely pop up. Instead of a ball, by the way, you can just as well take a small chicken egg.
We recall Archimedes: “a buoyant force proportional to the weight of the water displaced by it acts on a body immersed in a liquid.” The volume of water displaced by the ball is the same in both cases, but the density of sea water is higher, which means that the buoyancy force is greater. Therefore, the ball floats.
10. From glass to glass.
A very simple and unpretentious experience that can be offered even to a baby.
Take two glasses. Fill one of them with water and put it higher. Another glass, empty, put below. Dip the end of a strip of clean matter into a glass of water, and its other end into the lower glass and leave the structure. After a while, the water will "move" into an empty glass.
In the experiment in this picture, the same principle applies. Such an experience looks even more impressive and visual for children, since all the liquids in containers are of different colors.
How does this happen? Water, taking advantage of the narrow gaps between the fibers, will begin to rise, soak into the matter, and then, under the influence of gravity, will flow into the lower glass. So a strip of matter can be used as a pump, for example, for automatic watering of house plants.
11. Turn the liquid into a ball.
For this experiment, mix alcohol with water in a ratio of approximately 1:1. Pour this mixture into a glass vessel (glass or jar) and inject vegetable oil into it with a syringe. As a result, the oil is located in the middle of the vessel, forming a beautiful, transparent, yellow ball. For the ball, such conditions are created as if it is in weightlessness. If the oil ball is rapidly rotated with a rod inserted into it, a ring will separate from the ball.
The fact is that ... the natural form of any liquid is a ball. Usually, gravity prevents the liquid from taking this shape, and the liquid either spreads in a thin layer if poured without a vessel, or else takes the form of a vessel if poured into one. Being inside another liquid of the same specific gravity, the liquid, according to the law of Archimedes, "loses" its weight: it seems to weigh nothing, gravity does not act on it - and then the liquid takes on its natural, spherical shape.
12. The simplest thing is to test some solutions for acidity, or home indicators!
As indicators, you can take colored solutions - red beet juice and strong tea leaves. In both solutions, you can drop acetic or citric acid, watch the color change. Then a solution of baking soda (alkaline solution) and also look.
Put a drop of iodine tincture on a potato cut and see what color it will be.
13. Making a cloud
Pour in three-liter jar hot water(approximately 2.5 cm). Place a few ice cubes on a baking sheet and place it on top of the jar. The air inside the jar, rising up, will cool. The water vapor it contains will condense to form a cloud.
And where does the rain come from? It turns out that the drops, heated up on the ground, rise up. It gets cold there, and they huddle together, forming clouds. When they meet together, they increase, become heavy and fall to the ground in the form of rain.
13. Volcano on the table.
Magical mom can do anything, even make a real volcano! Take the "magic wand", cast a spell, and the "eruption" will begin.
Here is a simple recipe for witchcraft: add vinegar to baking soda as we do for dough. Only soda should be more, say, 2 tablespoons. Put it in a saucer and pour the vinegar directly from the bottle. A violent neutralization reaction will begin, the contents of the saucer will begin to foam and boil in large bubbles (carefully, do not bend over!). For greater effect, you can fashion a “volcano” from plasticine (a cone with a hole at the top), place it on a saucer with soda, and pour vinegar into the hole from above. At some point, the foam will begin to splash out of the "volcano" - the sight is simply fantastic!
This experience clearly shows the interaction of alkali with acid, the neutralization reaction. By preparing and carrying out the experiment, you can tell the child about the existence of an acidic and alkaline environment. The experiment "Home Sparkling Water", which is described below, is devoted to the same topic.
14. Homemade sparkling water.
Remind your child that he is breathing air. Air is made up of various gases, but many of them are invisible and odorless, making them difficult to detect. Carbon dioxide is one of the gases that make up the air and ... carbonated water. But it can be isolated at home. Take two straws for a cocktail, but of different diameters, so that a few millimeters narrow fits snugly into a wider one. It turned out a long straw, made up of two. Make a vertical hole in the cork of a plastic bottle with a sharp object and insert either end of the straw there. If there are no straws of different diameters, then you can make a small vertical incision in one and stick it into another straw. The main thing is to get a tight connection. Pour water diluted with any jam into a glass, and pour half a tablespoon of soda into a bottle through a funnel. Then pour vinegar into the bottle - about a hundred milliliters. Now you need to act very quickly: stick the cork with a straw into the bottle, and dip the other end of the straw into a glass of sweet water.
What's going on in the glass? Explain to your child that the vinegar and baking soda have begun to actively interact with each other, releasing carbon dioxide bubbles. It rises up and passes through a straw into a glass with a drink, where bubbles come to the surface of the water. Here is sparkling water and ready.
15. Secret letter.
This experience can be combined with the popular game "Find the Treasure", or you can simply write to someone from home. There are two ways to make such a letter at home: 1. Dip a pen or brush in milk and write a message on white paper. Be sure to let dry. You can read such a letter by holding it over the steam (do not burn yourself!) or by ironing it. 2. Write a letter lemon juice or citric acid solution. To read it, dissolve a few drops of pharmacy iodine in water and lightly moisten the text.
Is your child already grown up or did you get a taste of it yourself? Then the following experiences are for you. They are somewhat more complicated than previously described, but it is quite possible to cope with them at home. Still be very careful with reagents!
16. Salt miracles.
Have you already grown crystals with your baby? It's not difficult at all, but it will take a few days. Prepare a supersaturated salt solution (one in which salt does not dissolve when a new portion is added) and carefully dip a seed into it, say, a wire with a small loop at the end. After some time, crystals will appear on the seed. You can experiment and lower not a wire, but a woolen thread into a saline solution. The result will be the same, but the crystals will be distributed differently. For those who are especially keen, I recommend making wire crafts, for example, a Christmas tree or a spider, and also placing them in a salt solution.
17. Amazing transparency.
Pour water into one transparent glass and milk into another glass. Invite the child to put a bead into both glasses. You can easily see it in a glass of water. This is possible because the water is clear.
18. Funny boat.
Now surprise your baby. Pour water into a large bowl and offer to lower a lump of plasticine into it. He will drown, of course. The child will conclude that plasticine is not a floating material. Tell the baby that now you will make the plasticine float. To do this, make a boat out of plasticine and lower it into the water again. An amazing thing - a lump of plasticine sank, and the boat keeps perfectly on the water! This is because the more water an object displaces during a dive, the more force the object is pushed upwards. Such an example will help the child understand that the buoyancy of an object often depends on its shape.
19. Lei, rain.
Water can be poured from the tap, scooped up from the river. But the most amazing water falls from the sky. A warm summer rain waters the earth, and everything grows and turns green. And where does the rain come from? After all, we are wizards! Let's make our own rain. To do this, pour water into a small container and heat it. You can use a stove, or you can heat water with a regular candle. When the water boils, cover the container with a lid. Keep the lid closed, then lift it up and show your baby how water drops formed on the lid. This is because water vapor is released from boiling water. On a cold lid, it cools down and again turns into a liquid. This phenomenon is called condensation.
20. Dances of raisins and corn.
You will need: Raisins, corn kernels, soda, plastic bottle. Course of the experiment: Soda is poured into the bottle. The raisins go down first, then the corn kernels. Result: The raisins move up and down with the soda bubbles. But when they reach the surface, the bubbles burst and the grains fall to the bottom.
21. Color in milk
You will need: milk, food coloring, cotton swab, dishwashing detergent. The course of the experiment: a little food coloring is poured into milk. After a short wait, the milk begins to move. Patterns, stripes, swirling lines are obtained. You can add a different color, blow on milk. Then the cotton swab is dipped in dishwashing detergent and lowered into the center of the plate. Dyes begin to move more intensively, mix, forming circles. Result: various patterns, spirals, circles, spots are formed in the plate.
22. Color whirlpool in milk.
bowl of whole milk
liquid detergent
food colorings
cotton swab
How to do the experiment:
The essence of the experiment:
23. Color whirlpool in milk.
For the experiment you will need:
bowl of whole milk
liquid detergent
food colorings
cotton swab
How to do the experiment:
Drop a little into a bowl of milk food coloring different color. But don't stir! Now dip the tip of the cotton swab into the cleanser. Then dip the same tip into the center of one of the colored dye stains. A stormy multi-colored whirlpool is formed in the bowl.
The essence of the experiment:
The detergent reacts with the fat molecules in the milk and sets them in motion. That is why skimmed milk is not suitable for this chemical experiment at home.
24. Drop ink or ink into a bottle of water so that the solution is pale blue. Put a tablet of crushed activated charcoal there. Close the mouth with your finger and shake the mixture.
She brightens up before her eyes. The fact is that coal absorbs dye molecules with its surface and it is no longer visible.
25. Two oranges.
Dip an orange in a bowl of water and see how well it swims. Then peel the same orange and put it in water: it immediately sinks to the bottom. Why? Tell your child that there are a lot of air bubbles in the peel of an orange, he is held on by them, like on an “inflatable pillow”.
Successful experiments)))
